Role of Wto in Protecting Ipr - 3290 Words

A Paper on Role of World Trade Organization in Protecting Intellectual Property Rights Authors 1. Satyendra Narayan Singh Assistant Professor GNIT, Greater Noida. Mob. 9654151872 2. Alok Mohan Assistant Professor, RBMI, Greater Noida. Mob. 9717047774 Abstract Now a days protection of Intellectual Property Rights has become a very essential aspect for every country because so many Intellectual Properties are of national interest. Copyright, patents, trademarks, designs and even natural resources contains national importance. TRIPS enforces a powerful mechanism for protection of Intellectual Property Rights. This paper seeks to provide an introduction to the role played by WTO†¦show more content†¦Different Types of Intellectual Property Rights Patents are legal titles granting the owner the exclusive right to make commercial use of an invention. To qualify for patent protection, inventions must be new, non-obvious, and commercially applicable. The term of protection is usually limited to 20 years, after which the invention moves into public domain. The patent system is one of the oldest and most traditional forms of IPRs protection. Almost all manufacturing industries make use of the patent system to protect inventions from being copied by competing firms. Since the early 1980s, patents have also been granted for agricultural biotechnology products and processes and for certain aspects of computer software. As an adjunct to the patent system, some countries have introduced utility models (or petty patents). The novelty criteria for utility models are less stringent and are typically granted for small, incremental innovations. Their term of protection is far shorter than for â€Å"regular† invention patents (typically four to seven years). Similarly, industrial designs protect the ornamental features of consumer goods such as shoes or cars. To be eligible for protection, designs must be original or new. They are generally conferred for a period of five to fifteen years. Trademarks are words, signs, or symbols that identify a certain product or company. They seek to offer consumers the assurance of purchasing what they intend toShow MoreRelatedPharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property935 Words   |  4 Pagesdistribution and still be making some revenue. 2. What are the principal arguments of pharmaceutical companies that oppose making exceptions to IPR laws for developing countries? What are the arguments by NGOs and others for relaxing IPR laws? -Some of the arguments are that the pharmaceutical companies that oppose making exceptions to IPR laws for developing countries is that if other countries were producing generic brands they would no longer be able to compete and make large profitsRead MoreEssay On Gene Diversity1015 Words   |  5 Pagesbenefit sharing (ABS). ICC played an active role coordinating business participation in the negotiations and continues to coordinate business input in the process of national implementation of the Protocol. ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS: Both the diversity of traditional knowledge system on use of medicinal plants as well as the resource itself is facing a major challenge in the area of patents and IPRs. The major International Regulations effecting IPRs and traditional knowledge are ConventionRead MoreUtility Models Case Study1079 Words   |  5 PagesChina, and France, respectively.There has been a research about the role of patents and utility models in innovation and economic growth by different level of economic development. Kim et el., found that patent protection is an important determinant in innovation and contribute to economic growth in developed countries, but not in developing. Instead, they find utility models – a minor form of intellectual property rights (IPRs) affects innovation and growth in developing countries. They also foundRead MoreEconomic And Social Status Of China1549 Words   |  7 Pagesfirm that it can not be oversighted. However, law related intellectual property rights has been rising issues in China. First step to solve the problem is realize there is one. It is critical to recognize which elements are violating IPR. Basic systematic error of IPR and counterfeit culture in China are main factors for the obstacles. Current state of the world’s counterfeit goods market â€Å"Carratu International estimates that the global counterfeit market, which already accounts for 9% of world tradeRead MoreChina s Second Largest Economy2291 Words   |  10 Pageson year growth rate of approximately 9.4%. It is still growing faster than developed countries. It is having largest foreign currency reserve of over $ 3 trillion results of trade surplus. China is increasingly playing an important and influential role in global economy. Enlarged and affluent middle class with approaching 1.3 billion potential customer base in china attracted Multinational corporations operate in china. In 2014, China, with a year on year increase of 3% and $128 Billion both financialRead MoreEssay Software Piracy beyond the Street Corner2431 Words   |  10 Pagesannounced that it had suspended the lawsuit against Huawei in favor of independently reviewing Huawei’s products. As of the writing of this paper, Cisco had suspended the lawsuit again and did not expect a conclus ion until July 2004. II. What Role do Cultural Ethics Play in this Case? The Cisco-Huawei lawsuit attracted media attention world-wide. The Western opinion regarding this case was that this would set an example for the world that Intellectual Property rights will be fiercely upheldRead MoreRisk of Doing Business in China9304 Words   |  38 Pages Risks in Doing Business in China E Y China Key Points For multinational companies, China’s market has started to come of age. Despite the opportunities along with China’s WTO entry and opening up, doing business in China remains very challenging at the operational level for MNCs. Regulatory Risks Managing the regulatory environment remains a real issue for foreign firms operating in China. They have to learn how to deal with red tape, â€Å"guanxi (relationship)†Read MoreCopyright Protection on Internet9657 Words   |  39 Pagestechnology and enriching the world of the arts. WIPO plays an important role in enhancing the quality and enjoyment of life, as well as creating real wealth for nations. Intellectual Property is one of the most important aspects of the WTO regime and it has far reaching implications. Agreement of Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights - better known as TRIPs- to which India is a signatory, is an integral part of WTO and it will have an enormous impact on Indian business and trade partnershipsRead More Software Patents, Copyright, and Piracy Issues in India Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pages and analyses the economic benefits of reducing piracy and the ethical issues of piracy. Overview of Patent, Copyright and Cyber Laws The protection regarding Intellectual Property Rights differs from country to country. Beginning with GATT, WTO and TRIPS (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights) the economic focus of International trade and global policy has progressively moved from the tariff protection of goods to Protection of Intellectual Property. The Protection of IntellectualRead MoreImpact Of Trade Policies On Trade Patterns Between Usa And China2160 Words   |  9 PagesThe primary purpose of this paper is to reflect the trade patterns of the two countries- USA and China and illustrate various trade policies practiced by them. It also shows evidence that supports the argument that trade policies play a significant role in determining a country’s trade performances and balance of payments. It is important to study the impact of policies so that the main areas of issues in the economy can be understood and the imbalances in trade can be thoroughly checked by the government

The Negative Effects of Television on Children in Society...

An estimated one billion television sets have been sold in North America, and on average, children watch 28 hours per week. The effect of television creates negative development in children. Television is one of the biggest contributions to the growing amount of obese children in North America. The amount of glorified violence in today’s society can be attributed to children watching high rated television shows. Many young children are involved in promiscuous behaviour. This might be a result of what they had seen on a television program. A good deal of advertising companies advertise on children’s networks, because children are the easiest targets to be manipulated into their product. Television is not the only contributor to negative†¦show more content†¦(The negative affects of television on children) Some families use television to support family time and to support relaxation, but these can be achieved in a more active way. Children need to be more activ e not sit in front of the television all day. If children became more active obesity rates would go down. Therefore other health problems would go down too. There is an exasperating amount of valance committed by young children, many of this committed are a re-enactment of what they have seen on television. This is because children have difficulties telling fantasy apart from reality. â€Å"By the age of 16 children have observed 100,000 violent acts and 33,000 murdersâ€Å". (Wattermann) Children have three potential responses to media violins. One responses is increased fear, also know as a mean and scary world. This mean that children are more likely to be portrayed by violence or a victim of violins as seen they have seen on television. Another response could be desensitization to real-life violence. The most violent shows are children’s cartoons, but in cartoons violence is betrayed as hummer. Cartoon violence (hummer) has no consequences shown, as a result children re-enact a seen and get punished for their actions. On the cartoon the carters never get punished for the violent act their had committed, so as a result children think they can do the same. The last response could be increased aggressive behaviour, this is geared to younger children who couldShow MoreRelatedTelevision And Its Impact On Children s Lifestyle1742 Words   |  7 Pagesinternet coverage, increased radio frequencies, and digital television coverage. Given the relatively cheap but wide coverage and in depth analysis of news and other programs, uses of television continue to rise. High numbers of populations enjoy wide television coverage at low cost. Due to this reason, the prevalence of television as a news and lifestyle programmer in the society continues to rise. Increasing the society’s access to television services is an important factor in developing educationalRead MoreEssay on Negative Effects of Tv on Family Life1130 Words   |  5 PagesNegative Effects of TV The television has many effects on family life and the individual, causing family bonds to unravel and the individual to become naà ¯ve of their surroundings. The TV keeps one hooked for hours on end, causing family relationships to diminish and personal relationships to weaken. Not only does the TV seem to be a good alternative to conversations and interactions amongst one another, but it also helps to create a gap between the fictional world of TV and reality. Since theRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Today s Society1550 Words   |  7 PagesTelevision has greatly evolved since the 1950s, and has become a part of most American households over the years. Today’s society has turned to television for a variety of purposes including; entertainment, intellectual growth, and as a way to stay updated with what is going on in our society. While these seem like all positive aspects that have come with the progression of television, there are also negative components that have a direct affect on today’s society. Therefore this paper will discussRead MoreDesensitization From Lack Of Discretion1614 Words   |  7 Pagesinnocence of our children is at risk. It is the innocence of our children that we are going to take a closer look at. What part does uncensored media play in the desensitization of our youth? Why should we be concerned about this issue? What are the immediate implications of immoral media in our children’s lives? How does it affect our adolescence? Does all this play a part in how we prosper as adults? The media left uncensored has lasting negative psychological effects on our children which in turnRead MoreBad Influence of Mass Media on Kids1499 Words   |  6 Pagesfewer hours with their children. As a result, outside influences have greater access and influence over our children than ever before. The internet and the media are bringing the outside world into your home; your childs peers; the influences on children from movies and the music they listen to are growing in importance and influence every day, the negative effects of television violence to children, negative effects marijuana, cigarettesRead MoreMedia and Its Affects1514 Words   |  7 Pages Entertainment and Social Media and their effects A nation like America is an example, of a country that has developed in terms of entertainment (Pearson 2). It is one of the countries that has got and has produced some of the greatest entertainers. The country is one of the leading producers of entertainment in the planet. In addition, it is one of the nations that there is a greater influence of entertainment on the younger generation. The effects of entertainment on the younger generationRead More Television and Society Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision and Society In Marie Winn’s Essay â€Å"Television: The Plug In Drug,† she states, â€Å"Television’s contribution to family life has been an equivocal one.† Winn focuses on the issue of televisions influence in the lives of American families. Her emphasis is on the mediums influence on children. Although she makes a strong case for the negative influence of television, she fails to consider all of the benefits television has brought to American families. On its own, the television is neitherRead More Media Violence and Its Effects Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesImagine one day you lost your television. You lost your favorite talk show, your CNN, your favorite cartoon and all of your connections to the whole world. Throughout decades, media have became one of the most powerful weapons in the world. As time passed, more and more varieties of media were shown, like television, magazines, and internet. From reporting the news to persuading us to buy certain products, med ia became the only connection between people and the world. But violence in media is shownRead MoreEng 1011630 Words   |  7 PagesViolence in Music Videos and Music Lyrics has a negative impact on children. Music videos that expose profanity and sexuality are inappropriate and leave a negative impression on young children. Violence in music videos can cause health problem. Music videos that promote negative lyrics are affecting young children. Music lyrics with vulgar languages affect the development and well-being of young children. For example, the study author (Stone, 2009) found â€Å"that music with explicit referencesRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Television1297 Words   |  6 PagesTelevision has been a means of entertainment, a way to learn new things, a means in which people can explore the world, and learn about other cultures for many years. Children watch television approximately three to four hours a day on average. By their teenage years, they will have watched more television than their time spent in school. The content watched and the excessive time spent in front a TV during early childhood can prove to have negative effects later in their lives. There has to be a

Role of Education in Minimizing Audit Expectation - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Role of Education in Minimizing Audit Expectation. Answer: Introduction The key role of this paper is to evaluate the risks that are related to any company that functions in the economy. This paper has therefore looked to concentrate on Telstra Corporations Ltd. Telstra is the new company that has appointed us in order to assess their risks and their financials that are associated with them. The examination and the evaluation of the annual report of Telstra Corporations Ltd is helpful in explaining and addressing the risks of the organization and the actions that can be recommended to them according to the results obtained from the assessment. Inherent Risks and Assertions Risks Details Assertions and Impacted Accounts of Business Audit procedure The company has outlaid their operational activities that is beyond their financial capability Telstra has their operational activities way over their financial capacity and they have been undertaking strategies with the help of which the company can expand their business (Telstra.com.au 2018). The revenue of the company has not been increasing significantly but the actions that have been taken can lead to risks and bankruptcy for the company. The assertions are inclusive of: Accuracy Reliability Precision Operational activities of the company. Impact on Accounting books Cash Account Account Receivables Bad Debts Account Revenue Account The audit process of the company will assess the financial activities of the company and thereby understand the losses that have been taking place in various accounts and thereby keep a record about it so that it can be evaluated. The fall in the level of profits due to a rise in the collective losses The annual report has indicated that there has been a fall in the profit of the organization in the year 2017 in accordance to the previous year and the level of collective losses has been significantly higher. Assertions Relevance Materiality Impact on the books of accounts Bad Debt Account Profit Account The process of auditing is inclusive of an explained assessment of the losses that have been incurred which have been recorded. The accuracy and the effectiveness of the management will even be reviewed. Investigation of the commitments towards the expenditure Telstra has a huge amount of expense that is associated with the establishment of the towers with the help of which there can be an improvement of their networks (Telstra.com.au 2018). This amount has not been addressed in the financial statement. The amount that has been invested on the development of the network towers is not highlighted in the annual report and this recorded in the notes to the account. Assertions Materiality Accountability Relevance Impact on the Books of Accounts Expenditure Account Account Receivable Sales Account Statement of Profit and Loss The process of auditing will include the evaluation of the costs of the firm on these activities and the characteristics and contracts of the activities will even be ensured (Kend et al., 2014). The figure that is addressed in the annual report has importance and hence the value is of the network development amount and therefore this amount has to be recorded (William Jr et al., 2016). The auditor even needs to make sure that these activities are in nature authentic. Deferred Tax According to the annual report, the company deferred tax assets are utilized in order to write off for the deferred tax liabilities (Telstra.com.au 2018). Assertions Write off Timing Accuracy Segmentation Impact on the Books of Account Balance Sheet Income Statement There has been estimation that the judgment that has been confronted by the management that is associated to the projection of the taxable profit of the firm along with assessment of the processes and the mechanisms that is utilized by the management for the estimation of the computation. Ratio Analysis Particulars Ratio kind 2017 2016 Difference Risk Financial Ratio Current Ratio 0.86 1.02 -0.16 Low Quick Ratio 0.70 0.91 -0.21 Low Profitability Ratio Return on Equity 25.59 38.57 -12.98 High Solvency Ratio Debt to Equity Ratio 1.02 0.92 0.1 Low Current Ratio The current ratio of Telstra Corporations Ltd for the current year indicates that it has not been able to take care of the liquidity needs effectively. The fall in the current ratio indicates that the company has been unable to reduce their current liability and the fall in the quick ratio addresses the same thing. The current ratio in certain cases becomes the quick ratio if there is unavailability of stock in the balance sheet of the organization. The quick ratio of Telstra addresses that the firm has been unable to satisfy the requirement of liquidity and has even been unable to handle their operating costs and operations effectively. The suitable current ratio for any organization is 1:1 which indicates that there exists an equivalency in the current asset and liabilities (Kend, Basioudis 2017). Return on Equity The figures of return on equity have indicated that Telstra has been able to pay their dividends to the shareholders during the year 2016 and 2017. However, the amount of dividend has fallen in the year 2017 in accordance to the previous year. The organization has faced losses in 2017, which has been reflected in the balance sheet of the organization. The loss of Telstra has increased from the last year and this is the main cause for the return on falling by a significant margin. The issue cannot be developed from the mindset of the firm as in such cases the company would be facing problems in the coming time. The risk factor for the organization is high if the return on equity is regarded as a standard of performance with the aspect of the shareholders (Waldron, 2016). Debt to Equity Ratio The risk factor for debt to equity is low and the figure has increased in 2017 from 2016. It indicates that the capital framework of Telstra is more debt based than equity. This indicates that the company is reliant on leverage. The capital structure of Telstra comprises mainly of debts and this has been indicated in the balance sheet of the firm in the annual report. Areas of Problem for Telstra Identified areas of concern Explanations Impacts on the books of accounts Audit Procedure Current Ratio The current ratio of Telstra is not too effective even though the company has a proper liquidity scenario and Telstra has the ability to satisfy the need for liquidity. The key factor has been due to the fact that the company has been able to minimize their current liabilities from the last year. It is known that the effective current ratio of a firm is 1:1. Cash and its equivalent Prepaid expenses Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable Interest payable Income Tax that is payable The company records need to be examined in order record any kind of discrepancies from the management (Knechel, Salterio 2016). The cash records are required to be assessed effectively. Return on Equity The amount of dividend the company has paid has fallen with respect to the previous year and therefore has not been able to satisfy the outlook of the shareholders with respect to the amount of dividends. Telstra has been incurring losses and this is indicated in the balance sheet. Sales Account Asset Balance Sheet It is the duty of the auditor is to examine the timings and the dates of each and every transaction of the firm and making sure that effective examinations have been made (Shah et al., 2017). Debt to equity ratio The debt to equity has increased in this year from the previous year and this is indicates that the capital structure of Telstra is more debt based that equity. This explains that the company does rely on the leverage. Revenue Payables Provisions It is the duty of the auditor to examine the records of the provisions and payables and the relevancy of the same. Recommendations The suggestions that can be given to Telstra Corporations Ltd in order to develop their business framework include constructing an effective internal control mechanism so that the management can monitor and manage the internal processes of the business. Telstra even needs to maintain a record of the costs for the development of the network towers in the books of accounts as this can have an influence on the decisions of the investors. Telstra can even undertake a frequent assessment of the inventories and even the tower construction sites so that the operations can be examined (Ihendinihu, Robert 2014). Telstra even has to undertake an effective knowledge about the framework of the deferred tax and the process with the help of which it can be written off and needs to be declared in the annual report. Conclusion The discussions that have been made in this paper addresses that the key audit issues of Telstra is dependent on the decisions of the auditor. The audit committee has less amount of obligations and the selection of a skilled external auditor who will look into the perspective of the company in accordance to fairness that is seen in the audit report. The report therefore explains the processes that can be incorporated by the administration in order to make the business more efficient. Reference Birkey, R. N., Michelon, G., Patten, D. M., Sankara, J. (2016, September). Does assurance on CSR reporting enhance environmental reputation? An examination in the US context. In Accounting Forum(Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 143-152). Elsevier. Chambers, A. D., Odar, M. (2015). A new vision for internal audit.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(1), 34-55. Cohen, J. R., Simnett, R. (2014). CSR and assurance services: A research agenda.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), 59-74. Edgley, C., Jones, M. J., Atkins, J. (2015). The adoption of the materiality concept in social and environmental reporting assurance: A field study approach.The British Accounting Review,47(1), 1-18. Ihendinihu, J. U., Robert, S. N. (2014). Role of Audit Education in Minimizing Audit Expectation Gap (AEG) in Nigeria.International Journal of Business and Management,9(2), 203. Kend, M., Basioudis, I. (2017). Reforms to the Market for Audit and Assurance Services in the Period after the Global Financial Crisis: Evidence from the UK.Australian Accounting Review. Kend, M., Houghton, K. A., Jubb, C. (2014). Competition issues in the market for audit and assurance services: are the concerns justified?.Australian Accounting Review,24(4), 313-320. Knechel, W. R., Salterio, S. E. (2016).Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis. Shah, N., Reintjes, F., Courtney, M., Klarenbach, S. W., Ye, F., Schick-Makaroff, K., ... Pauly, R. P. (2017). Quality assurance audit of technique failure and 90-day mortality after program discharge in a Canadian home hemodialysis program.Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, CJN-00140117. Telstra - mobile phones, prepaid phones, broadband, internet, home phones, business phones. (2018).Telstra.com.au. Retrieved 25 January 2018, from https://www.telstra.com.au/ Waldron, M. (2016). The Future of Audit.CFA Institute Magazine,27(3), 55-55. William Jr, M., Glover, S., Prawitt, D. (2016).Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

Summary of The Kite Runner Research Paper Example

Summary of The Kite Runner Paper The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini tells a story about two boys, Amir, a Pashtun boy and a son of a wealthy business man and Hussan, a young Hazara boy that was his servant but more importantly his best friend. In their homeland of Kabul Afghanistan they face many challenges that test their friendship and loyalty to one another. Although Amir tries to put his memories of his cowardly actions of his childhood in the back of his head he can never escape it. Amir finally has the opportunity for redemption when Rahim calls him to come back to Kabul and says â€Å"There is a way to be good again.†(2) Rahim, Amir’s family friend tells him and makes him realize that he has the opportunity to redeem himself from when he was younger. He has that thought in his mind of how he can redeem himself for being a coward when he was younger and fill a void of helplessness. He is hesitant at first because he didn’t know that Hassan was actually his brother and that the boy he needs to rescue was Hassan’s son. To make up for his childhood, he sets out to rescue his nephew Sarab from the harsh hardships of the Taliban ran city of Kabul. Amir and Hassan share a strong bond of friendship and loyalty towards one another that it shapes them to who they will become as adults. Their childhood starts off in Amir house where â€Å"the poplar trees lines the redbrick driveway, which led to a part of wrought-iron gates. They in turn opened onto and extension of the driveway into my father’s estate. The house sat on the left of the brick path, the backyard at the end of it.† (4) this is where the two kids would spend most of their childhood playing and hanging out. Amir and his father had one of the nicest houses in Kubal because of the man that he was. Although Amir was Pashtun and Hassan was a Hazara and everyone looked at the Hazara people at inferior Amir didn’t see it like that because they were kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of The Kite Runner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of The Kite Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of The Kite Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer